The End to This Blog, but Not to Fighting Gender Inequality

Unfortunately, we have come to the end of my blog now! Over the past few weeks, I have looked at a range of different issues which disproportionately affect women including: the unequal access to groundwater, the burden of water collection, gender-based violence, period poverty, inequalities in irrigation, participation in water management and climate change. After exploring these issues in my blog, it has become clear that there is still work to be done to fight gender inequality in relation to water.

If gender inequality in relation to water is to be dismantled in Africa, then socio-cultural norms and taboos need to be broken down so that women can have equal opportunities to men. Although improving infrastructures and technologies will help women to an extent, wider societal inequalities between men and women need to be addressed first. In order for this to happen, both men and women should be educated on the issues perpetuated by socio-cultural norms, as well as the benefits that meaningful participation of women in water management can bring.

Whilst these gender inequality challenges may have brought a negative tone to this blog, I want to end this journey by acknowledging the progress that has already been made in different places across Africa. The relationship that gender has with water and development is certainly being increasingly recognised by people; as our understanding of women's needs in relation to water grows, gender inequality is slowly being dismantled.

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Gender-Based Violence and WASH

In last week's post, I briefly touched on the topic of gender-based violence (GBV) in relation to water collection. This week, I wanted to do a short post exploring the links between GBV and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), using informal settlements in Kenya as a case study. I will be looking specifically at the infrastructural causes of GBV (e.g. poor WASH facilities) and the social causes (e.g. societal taboos). Figure 1: Toilet in Mathare slum, Nairobi, Kenya The lack in provision of adequate WASH facilities increases women's vulnerability to GBV. Women who lack these basic infrastructures are forced to walk to shared toilet facilities or to even openly defecate. Studies in informal settlements within Nairobi, Kenya found that women who had to walk even 100m to use a public toilet during the night would be at risk of being abused or harassed ( UN Water, 2020 ; Winter and Barchi, 2015 ). Due to poor security and a lack of sufficient lighting, it becomes easier for me

Introduction

The Significance of Africa Hello and welcome to my blog! Over the next few weeks, I will be exploring the interconnected relationships between water, development and gender in Africa. This first post of my blog follows shortly after reading Binyavanga Wainaina's satirical essay ' How to Write About Africa '. I thought that this would be a good starting point for my blog as Wainaina (2019) ironically illustrates the common narrative that people tend to use in popular media when writing about Africa, that is one which often generalises and homogenises the diverse physical, social and economic landscapes across Africa. Indeed, these Western narratives often 'treat Africa as if it were one country', stereotyping all citizens as those who must have an 'AK-47' in hand, or those who are 'starving' with 'prominent ribs' ( Wainaina, 2019 ). Therefore, I should be careful in the following weeks to not perpetuate these stereotypes and generalisations.

Climate Change and Its Gendered Implications

For my last blog post, I want to look at an issue which we can already see the impacts of across Africa, that is the gendered implications of climate change and its link to water. Africa is now one of the most vulnerable continents to climate change and variability ( Boko et al, 2007 ). The 5th IPCC report estimates that surface temperatures have already increased by 0.5°C in the last century across most parts of Africa and that temperatures are likely to rise by another 2 °C by the end of the century ( Niang et al, 2014 ). Whilst there are uncertainties in climate change predictions and models, the IPCC has estimated with high confidence that water stress will increase in Africa as a result of climate change and driven by other factors such as land use change and water withdrawals ( Niang et al, 2014 ). As it has been posed that the impacts of climate change will disproportionately be felt by women, I wanted to explore this in more detail ( UNDP, 2012 ). The Exacerbation of Existin

Water, Gender and Development in Africa

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